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Albert Coates (23 April 1882 – 11 December 1953) was an English conductor and composer. Born in Saint Petersburg where his English father was a successful businessman, he studied in Russia, England and Germany, before beginning his career as a conductor in a series of German opera houses. He was a success in England conducting Wagner at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden in 1914, and in 1919 was appointed chief conductor of the London Symphony Orchestra. His strengths as a conductor lay in opera and the Russian repertoire, and he was not thought as impressive in the core Austro-German symphonic repertoire. After 1923 he failed to secure a permanent conductorship in the UK, and for much of the rest of his life he guest conducted in continental Europe and the US in his last years he took orchestral appointments in South Africa, where he died at 71. As a composer, Coates is little remembered, but he composed seven operas, one of which was performed at Covent Garden. He also wrote some concert works for orchestral forces. ==Early years== Coates was born in Saint Petersburg, Russia, the youngest of seven sons of a Yorkshire father, Charles Thomas Coates,〔Holden, Raymond, ("Coates, Albert Henry (1882–1953)", ) ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, 2004, accessed 27 February 2011 〕 who managed the Russian branch of an English company, and Mary Ann Gibson, who was born and raised in Russia to British parents. He learned the violin, cello and piano as a child in Russia. From 12, he was raised in England. After attending the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth,〔 he studied science at Liverpool University.〔Kennedy, Michael, ("Coates, Albert," ) ''Grove Music Online'', Oxford Music Online, accessed 27 February 2011 〕〔Liner notes to EMI CD CZS 5 75486 2 (Albert Coates: Great Conductors of the Twentieth Century series), EMI 2002〕 Coates returned to Russia to join his father's company,〔 but he also studied composition with Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.〔 In 1902, he entered the Leipzig Conservatory, to study the cello with Julius Klengel and the piano with Robert Teichmüller,〔 but he was drawn to conducting by Arthur Nikisch's conducting classes.〔 Nikisch appointed Coates répétiteur at the Leipzig opera, and he made his debut as a conductor in 1904 with Offenbach's ''The Tales of Hoffmann''.〔 He was engaged as the conductor of the Elberfeld opera house in 1906, in succession to Fritz Cassirer. From there he progressed to the post of assistant conductor at the Semperoper, Dresden (1907–08), under Ernst von Schuch and Mannheim in 1909 under Artur Bodanzky.〔 He made his London debut in May 1910, conducting the London Symphony Orchestra (LSO) in a programme consisting of a symphony by Maximilian Steinberg, Tchaikovsky's First Piano Concerto and Beethoven's Seventh Symphony. ''The Times'' judged him "sound and artistic", though "not particularly inspiring to watch."〔"Music", ''The Times'', 27 May 1910, p.10〕 In the same year, he was invited by Eduard Nápravník to conduct at Saint Petersburg's Mariinsky Theatre.〔 Coates's conducting of ''Siegfried'' at the Mariinsky led to his appointment as principal conductor of the Russian Imperial Opera, a post he held for five years, during which he became associated with leading Russian musicians, including Alexander Scriabin,〔 for whose music he became a strong advocate.〔Obituary, ''The Times'', 12 December 1953, p. 9〕 In July 1910, he married Ella Lizzie Holland.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Albert Coates (musician)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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